Assam Faces Surge in Extreme Moist Heat Days, Raising Health Concerns

Dispur, India Aug 23, 2026 ALN: Assam is experiencing significant effects of climate change, with extreme moist heat days increasing nearly fivefold in the last 50 years. This alarming trend poses serious health risks for the population, according to meteorologist and former director of the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Prof BN Goswami.

In an interview, Prof Goswami highlighted that studies indicate a substantial rise in the number of moist heat days. “About 50 years ago, the extreme moist heat days in a year averaged around 20 days. Now, it has escalated to approximately 100 days annually,” he stated. The implications of this increase are profound, as the combination of high temperatures and humidity creates a suffocating environment that can lead to heat-related illnesses, particularly among vulnerable populations such as the elderly, children, and those with pre-existing health conditions.

During moist heat days, both temperature and humidity rise simultaneously, leading to uncomfortable living conditions. Prof Goswami explained that while northern and western India may experience higher temperatures, the humidity levels are lower, allowing the body to cope better with the heat. “In Assam, however, both temperature and humidity increase together, creating significant challenges,” he noted. This unique climatic condition makes it difficult for the human body to regulate its temperature effectively, as the high humidity prevents sweat from evaporating, which is essential for cooling.

He elaborated that on extreme moist heat days, even if the air temperature is around 37 degrees Celsius, the body feels as if it is exposed to temperatures exceeding 55 degrees Celsius. Under such conditions, the body's natural cooling mechanism struggles to function effectively, and excessive sweating hampers the release of internal heat. This can lead to heat exhaustion or heat stroke, which are serious health emergencies. Moreover, the psychological effects of extreme heat, such as increased stress and anxiety, can further exacerbate health issues.

Prof Goswami warned that this situation forces the heart to work harder, potentially affecting other internal organs. The consequences of climate change, he emphasized, could lead to a serious public health crisis. He urged the government and policymakers to take this issue seriously and conduct further research. The need for effective public health strategies becomes crucial in mitigating the risks associated with extreme moist heat days, including public awareness campaigns about heat safety and the establishment of cooling centers in communities.

In addition to the rise in moist heat days, Prof Goswami pointed out other visible impacts of climate change, noting an increase in extreme weather events. He mentioned that Assam used to experience more days of light drizzles during the monsoon season, but now the region faces either extremely heavy rainfall or none at all. This shift in rainfall patterns can have devastating effects on agriculture, which is a vital part of Assam's economy. Farmers may struggle to adapt to these unpredictable weather conditions, leading to crop failures and food insecurity.

The changing climate is not just affecting the health of individuals but also the overall ecosystem of Assam. The state's rich biodiversity, which includes numerous species of flora and fauna, is under threat from changing weather patterns. Higher temperatures and altered precipitation can disrupt the habitats of many species, leading to a decline in biodiversity. This has implications not only for conservation efforts but also for the livelihoods of communities that depend on natural resources.

Furthermore, the socio-economic impacts of climate change in Assam are profound. The increase in extreme weather events can lead to displacement, as communities are forced to leave their homes due to flooding or other climate-related disasters. This can result in a strain on urban areas, where displaced populations may seek refuge, leading to overcrowding and increased demand for services. The government will need to develop comprehensive policies that address both the immediate impacts of climate change and the long-term strategies for adaptation and resilience.

As Assam grapples with these challenges, there is an urgent need for coordinated efforts between local, state, and national governments, as well as non-governmental organizations and the scientific community. Collaborative research initiatives can help in understanding the specific impacts of climate change on the region and in developing targeted interventions. Additionally, public engagement and education on climate change and its effects are crucial for building community resilience.

In conclusion, the surge in extreme moist heat days in Assam is a clear indicator of the far-reaching impacts of climate change. The health risks associated with this phenomenon are significant and warrant immediate attention from policymakers and health professionals. As the region continues to face the challenges posed by a changing climate, proactive measures will be essential to protect the health and well-being of its population, safeguard its biodiversity, and ensure sustainable development for future generations.