How a quiet literary relationship has shaped US views on China

London, United Kingdom Jul 12, 2026 ALN: As the United States marks the 250th anniversary of its founding, it confronts a new world order dominated by its relationship with China. In this wide-ranging series, we examine the pressure points and possibilities in those ties, from hard tech to soft power. Here, Khushboo Razdan looks at how books shape public perceptions and inspire lifelong connections between the US and China even as their geopolitical rivalry intensifies.

Alexander Boyd was 14 when a book about China altered the course of his life. Raised in a house overflowing with books in the small Massachusetts town of Acton, Boyd spent hours browsing his parents’ shelves in search of his next read. One title in particular caught his attention – China Wakes by journalists Nicholas Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn – a book chronicling China’s transformation under former leader Deng Xiaoping’s economic reforms and opening up to the world.

Boyd said the book affected him profoundly. “The impact of reading it was immediate and shocking,” he recalled. He read it on the school bus and between classes, absorbed by the story of a country undergoing one of the most dramatic transformations in modern history.

This literary relationship has not only shaped Boyd's understanding but also reflects a broader trend among many Americans. As political tensions rise and student exchanges dwindle, literature continues to bridge the gap, fostering a fascination that transcends geopolitical barriers. In recent years, the relationship between the United States and China has become increasingly complex, characterized by economic competition, military posturing, and stark ideological differences. However, literature offers a unique avenue for connection, allowing individuals to engage with the culture and history of China in a way that is often absent from political discourse.

Books like China Wakes have become gateways for understanding the complexities of Chinese society, culture, and politics. They provide insights that are often missing from mainstream media narratives, allowing readers to engage with China on a more personal level. Through the lens of literature, readers can explore the lives of ordinary Chinese citizens, the nuances of Chinese traditions, and the impact of rapid modernization. This deeper understanding is crucial, especially in a time when sensational headlines can dominate the news cycle, often painting a monolithic picture of a diverse and multifaceted nation.

Moreover, this literary engagement has sparked a movement among educators and cultural institutions to promote Chinese literature and authors in American classrooms and libraries. Initiatives aimed at increasing the visibility of Chinese voices in literature are gaining traction, encouraging a more nuanced understanding of China. Programs that introduce students to works by contemporary Chinese authors, such as Yan Ge or Xiaolu Guo, help to broaden perspectives and challenge preconceived notions about the country. By integrating these works into curricula, educators are fostering critical thinking and empathy among students, skills that are essential in navigating an increasingly interconnected world.

In an era where misinformation can easily spread, these literary works serve as critical resources for fostering informed discussions about China. They challenge stereotypes and encourage readers to look beyond the headlines, promoting empathy and understanding. For instance, novels that delve into the intricacies of family life, societal expectations, and the struggles of everyday citizens can humanize a nation often portrayed solely through the lens of political rivalry. This humanization is particularly important as it allows for a recognition of shared experiences and values, which can serve as a foundation for dialogue and cooperation.

The implications of this literary relationship extend beyond individual understanding; they also have the potential to influence broader societal attitudes and policies. As literature fosters a greater appreciation for cultural differences, it can encourage more thoughtful and nuanced approaches to foreign policy. Policymakers who are informed by a rich understanding of China’s history and culture may be less likely to engage in rhetoric that escalates tensions. Instead, they might pursue diplomatic efforts that recognize the complexities of the relationship, promoting collaboration in areas of mutual interest such as climate change, public health, and trade.

As the US navigates its complex relationship with China, the role of literature remains vital. It not only enriches the cultural landscape but also serves as a reminder of the shared human experiences that connect people across borders. In a world where division often seems to be the norm, literature can be a powerful tool for fostering connection and understanding. Readers like Boyd exemplify how a single book can ignite a lifelong interest in another culture, potentially shaping future leaders who approach international relations with empathy and insight.

The literary relationship between the United States and China is not a new phenomenon. It dates back to the 19th century when American missionaries and traders began to engage with Chinese culture, bringing back stories and accounts that would shape American perceptions of China. Over the decades, this relationship has evolved, with Chinese literature gaining prominence in the US, especially in the wake of globalization. The introduction of works by authors such as Mo Yan, who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2012, has further sparked interest in contemporary Chinese narratives.

In addition to novels and memoirs, poetry has also played a significant role in fostering understanding between the two nations. The translations of works by poets like Bei Dao and Yu Jian have introduced American readers to the beauty and complexity of Chinese poetry, often reflecting the social and political landscape of the country. These literary forms allow for a deeper emotional connection, transcending the barriers of language and culture.

Furthermore, literary festivals and cultural exchange programs have become increasingly important in promoting dialogue between American and Chinese writers. Events such as the Shanghai International Literary Festival and the Brooklyn Book Festival often feature authors from both countries, providing a platform for discussions that explore themes of identity, culture, and the human experience. These gatherings not only celebrate literature but also cultivate relationships that can lead to greater understanding and cooperation.

In conclusion, while political ties may fray, the literary relationship between the US and China continues to thrive, shaping perceptions and fostering connections that are essential in today's globalized world. As we look to the future, it is imperative that we recognize the value of literature in bridging divides and promoting understanding. By investing in the promotion of literary works from diverse cultures, we can cultivate a more informed and empathetic society, one that is better equipped to address the challenges and opportunities of a rapidly changing world.

Ultimately, the stories we read can shape not just individual perspectives but also societal attitudes towards other nations. As the United States and China grapple with their complex relationship, literature remains a vital tool for fostering dialogue, understanding, and ultimately, peace. It is through the pages of these books that we can find common ground, recognizing our shared humanity even amidst the differences that may divide us.